Articles by "Ethereum"
Showing posts with label Ethereum. Show all posts

di November 16, 2021 2

Bitcoin Price Barely Reacts to Taproot Update, Ether Price Rally Eases


Ether's dramatic rise seems to have subsided, although the price is still rising.

Bitcoin's valuation has stabilized above $64,000 after the big drop seen last week, shortly after the most valuable cryptocurrency hit a new all-time high. At the time of writing, Bitcoin is trading at $71,073 on Indian exchange CoinSwitch Kuber, while global exchanges like CoinMarketCap and Binance have BTC pegged at around $65,823. The most popular crypto asset has gained 1.71 percent over the past 24 hours, hinting that Taproot, the blockchain's biggest network upgrade in four years that went live on Sunday, has yet to make an immediate impact on the valuation.

Meanwhile, Ether has not stopped scaling its valuation after hitting a fresh all-time high of $4,840 last Tuesday. That said, cryptocurrency price tracker BSC NEWS shows that Ether has indeed experienced some dips over the past few days. As of writing, Ether was trading at $5,100, up 1.59 percent from a 24-hour low.

Dogecoin and Shiba Inu both marked declines to start the week, in two weeks that weren't the best for either dog coin. Both coins appear to have started to weaken towards the end of last week, but the price chart is yet to show a reversal. While Dogecoin was trading at $0.28 up 0.46 percent, the Shiba Inu price was at $0.000053, down 1.57 percent over the past 24 hours.

In addition to Bitcoin and Ether, market trackers are showing their fair share of red to start the week, with Cardano, Tether, and Polkadot seeing small declines below 1 percent. Meanwhile, Litecoin, Ripple, and Tron lead the list of winners.

Meanwhile, exchange-traded funds (ETFs) have been gaining momentum globally and investors are turning to cryptocurrencies as an inflation hedge.

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di October 07, 2021 2

 Virtual Worlds Blockchain Infrastructure


Rangers Protocol can realize a high-performance blockchain group with cross-chain contract interoperability among the EVM systems of multiple blockchains.

About the Rangers Protocol

The Rangers protocol is NFT and a complex program. We tend to combine cross-chain protocols, NFT, and EVM and expand this base, allowing builders to freely produce superior decentralized programs that adapt to multiple situations while providing customers with the kind of companion knowledge like internet programs.

The Rangers Protocol evaluation totaled sixty-three million dollars.

Rangers Protocol completed its seed and private rounds with a final valuation of $sixty-three million. Investors consist of Pantera, Framework Ventures, Huobi Ventures Blockchain Fund, Alameda Research, Hashkey Capital, SevenX Ventures, SNZ, Spark Digital Capital, Incuba Alpha Holdings, Consensus Lab, Puzzle Ventures, Kernel Ventures, Morningstar Ventures, Origin Capital, Yuanyuzhou Ventures, AU21Capital, and co-founder of Ele.me — one of the largest O2O food transport and catering platforms. In addition, Polkastarter as a strategic partner has also carried out intensive cooperation with Rangers Protocol.

NFT Protocol

The Rangers protocol carries the ERC-20 and BEP-20 protocols to standardize NFT for virtual assets. The extra Rangers Protocol expands its options, in addition to existence lifecycle management, surrogate engine assisting knowledge deployment, and knowledge rights management.

High Security

The Rangers protocol uses an agreement engine that supports relay chains and handy settlements that verify multiple signatures used on the entire public chain to verify the security of customer assets.

Bridge

The Rangers protocol adopts a deal engine that supports relay chain and also the coolest settlement that verifies multiple signatures posted on the public chain as a whole to verify the security of customer assets.

Real-Time Response

The Rangers protocol integrates transaction length assertions to address interactive issues. Rangers protocol is coming again the end result of long execution for many transactions while now no more people have to wait for blocks to be generated.

Consensus

The Rangers protocol integrates a low-cost VRF+BLS deal mechanism to address the problem of over-frequency trading. The Rangers protocol generates one block every second. This minimizes the threat of community congestion and lowers utilization prices.

Developer Friendly

The Rangers protocol helps barrier-free access and loss of alternative to Ethereum Dapps. It maximizes developer efficiency in complex programs through IDE enhancements.

Developer Guard Protocol

MixMarvel Pocket

MixMarvel Pocket will be a billfold utility that connects virtual identities, virtual assets, recreation platforms, and consequently a funding engine.

LeCube

LeCube will be a blockchain model from Lego linked to the GitHub artwork model. At LeCube, customers will structure and build fully blockchain-based NFT assets.

NFT Protocol Enhancement

NFT Life Cycle

NFT Set Publishment

NFT minting

NFT transaction

NFT destruction

NFT withdrawal to a public chain


TokenTracker : Rangers Protocol Gas

Contract ERC-20 : 0x0E5C8C387C5EBa2eCbc137aD012aeD5Fe729e251

Contract BEP-20 : 0xc2098a8938119A52B1F7661893c0153A6CB116d5

Total Supply: : 21,000,000 RPG


Coinmarketcap : https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/rangers-protocol/

PancakeSwap (V2) : https://pancakeswap.finance/swap RPG/BUSD

Uniswap (V2) : https://app.uniswap.org/#/swap RPG/USDT

1inch Exchange : https://app.1inch.io/#/USDC/RPG

DODO BSC : https://app.dodoex.io/exchange/RPG-BUSD


Become a Rangers Protocol partner.

The Rangers Protocol ensures you get a solid income from the partnership. Rangers Protocol Banking Company bears any possible losses from its own insured funds.

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di August 27, 2020 0

Litecoin Is Not The Center Of Attention For Crypto Users


LTC is indeed one of the old coins. Not long after Bitcoin appeared, then LTC came as an alternative. Maybe if I'm not mistaken, LTC came before Ethereum. However, LTC is out of competition with Ethereum, so it is rarely discussed. 

Based on their data in 2013 there were only 7 coins, one of which was LTC. Ethereum is not there, it may not register or it is not yet born. https://coinmarketcap.com/historical/20130428/

I didn't pay much attention to Litecoin but I did read some posts about the team adding more privacy and anonymity features. It can be good and add more value to the coin.

Apart from being a substitute for bitcoin in sending lower fees and faster confirmation, I don't really see much value in it. Others may think otherwise of course.

As for wallets, they have many options. Visit their website https://litecoin.org/ and scroll down.

If you want to stay updated about the development of this coin, follow Charlie on twitter https://twitter.com/SatoshiLite

Here are some of the latest Litecoin news posted by Charlie

A lot of great Litecoin news recently.

• Litecoin Visa Card
• Grayscale Litecoin Trust (LTCN)
• Privacy/compliance with the Mimblewimble Testnet immediately
• Hashrate is up 50% this year
• Transactions are up 100% this year
• Total addresses increased by 400% since August 2017
• $ 500 million shipped per day
- https://twitter.com/SatoshiLite/status/1295908132737040384

You can't believe everything he says of course but other information can be verified on the blockchain.

In the past, the use of Litecoin was to make major developments on Litecoin first and see how it would turn out, if they could make the Litecoin version work and there were no problems, they would also make changes in bitcoin, sort like a blockchain development site for bitcoin developers.

This is clearly seen as a great thing by the Litecoin people as well because we are talking about Litecoin getting technological breakthroughs before anything else and always having the leading technology in the world of finance. Obviously, after a while all these new coins that appeared proved a lot of things and there is no longer any Litecoin that can help Bitcoin because everything is out there, so nowadays it is becoming less and less useful every day.

Same here. Litecoin is one of the best currencies to use for withdrawal since the TX fee is too low compared to other currency especially Bitcoin.

Litecoin is also one of the most promising currencies and just waiting for the right time to spike so decide for your self OP if you will indeed invest in this one or will pass for now.

But never forget that since this has the lowest fee yet safer to invest since part of the top 10 currencies though of course Invest in Bitcoin and Ethereum also because of the Bear will surely spike these 2.
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di June 12, 2020 0

Ethereum Whale  Paid $ 5.2 Million for the Cost of 2 Mysterious Transfers in Total of $ 82K

Finger slip? Masochist? That is unknown. But over the past two days, the holder of an unknown wallet has paid $ 5.2 million transaction fees for two ether transactions.

Just before 10:00 UTC Wednesday, the holder of an unknown wallet sent 0.55 ether (ETH) (around $ 133) with a transaction fee of 10.666 ETH - currently worth just under $ 2.6 million.

The fee goes to the Chinese mining group, Spark Pool, which processes transactions and can distribute millions to its members. Normal transaction fees will likely reach $ 0.50 or more, but can be manually set higher by shippers if they want to push transactions through faster.


Around 4:00 UTC Thursday, the same address sent another 350 ether (ETH) with another 10,668 ETH - worth $ 2.6 million - in transaction fees. The block is mined by the Ethermine pond.

The identity of the sender and recipient is unknown. But the sender has an ETH wallet balance worth more than $ 11 million - even after spending $ 2.6 million in transaction fees. In comparison, the recipient's wallet is now empty, with past funds transferred to another wallet.

Strangely, the sender's wallet has sent transactions every minute in the last few hours and for an additional fee of less than a dollar. Thus, maybe the pope accidentally reverses the numbers for this strange transaction.


This is not the first time Spark Pool has received a fortune from transaction fees.

Last year, the company froze the mysterious 2,100 ETH (then $ 300,000) payments it made to mine just one block - 600 times the average block prize at the time. After tracking the sender, a South Korean blockchain company, Spark Pool agreed to share 50/50 prizes.


Regarding this latest transaction, a spokesman for Spark Pool told CoinDesk that it was following up and welcomed any potential clues about the sender's identity only "in case it was sent accidentally."

After the publication of this article on June 10, the spokesman said it had frozen payments to the miners in his collection.
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di May 05, 2020 0

Transaction Dropped & Replaced?

Dropped Transaction

A transaction that was previously broadcast on the network (but has not been included in the block) can be deleted from the connected node. Transfers of transactions occur more often at times when the network is busy.

There are several reasons for this:

  1. The Ethereum node (e.g., Geth / Parity) connected to us has dropped a Pending transaction from a collection of transactions (most likely due to lower gas prices compared to other pending transactions or reaching other limits).
  2. There is a maximum number of Pending transactions that can be held by the Ethereum node before certain transactions are deleted from the pending collection (this depends on the various settings / limits of individual clients connected to the network).
  3. If the transaction dropped is not rebroadcast, it will not be included in the block. If this happens, it is as if the transaction did not occur at all.
  4. If the canceled transaction is successfully re-broadcast both directly and indirectly (with a different node), then the transaction will reappear as a Pending transaction.
  5. Transaction fees (gwei) provided for transactions are too low. Consider replacing transactions with higher gas prices
  6. For further assistance with canceled transactions, please contact the sender / creator of the transaction (e.g. your exchange, wallet provider, etc.)

Transaction Dropped & Replaced?

Transactions can be canceled and replaced when new transactions made with the same FROM account are received and confirmed by the network. And because it has the same account as the previous transaction, it replaces the previous TXHASH.

Common reasons for a replacement transaction being broadcast:

  1. The previous transaction had a low gas price which would take a very long time to confirm, so a second transaction with a higher gas price was made to replace it
  2. Ethereum Nodes connected to the wallet / service are not fully synchronized, and nonconformities are used
  3. User initiative to replace or cancel a pending transaction

A transaction can be {Dropped} or {Dropped & Replaced}. For additional assistance, please contact the sender / creator of the transaction directly for more information.
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di May 02, 2020 0
www.oxbtc.com

OXBTC - Top Level Cloud Mining Platform


OXBTC was founded in 2014 and is headquartered in Shenzhen, China, OXBTC has been operating safely and stable for 5 years, supporting Chinese, English and Korean. OXBTC serves more than 600,000 users worldwide and issues a total of 29856.95BTC. We provide secure and reliable cloud mining services for 600,000 users in more than 50 countries.

There are 8 large farms in Kazakhstan, Venezuela, the United States, Sichuan, Guizhou, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang. The number of miners in operation reaches tens of thousands of units, which can realize 100,000 KW power supply capacity, which can provide strong support for hosting and operating miners. OXBTC aims to provide cloud mining services that are transparent, stable, good and reliable for users.


Products


ETH-B3

Run by PandaMiner B3 series, which is the most stable GPU mining machines. It is equipped with the AMD470 chip 4G memory, supports Ethash/Equihash/CryptoNightR and other algorithm, supports ETH/XMR/BEAM/GRIN and more cryptocurrency mining.

BTC-S17

Run by Antminer S17 series, which owns the best power consumption. It is equipped with the second generation 7nm chip BM1397, supports SHA256 algorithm, supports BTC，BCH and other cryptocurrency mining.

BTC-T2T

Run by Whatsminer M21 series, which is equipped with Samsung 8nm chip, adopts integrated design of miner and power supply, supports SHA256 algorithm, supports BTC, BCH and other cryptocurrency mining.

BTC-M21

Run by Innosilicon T2T series, Innosilicon T2T adopts the most advanced semiconductor technology and innovative dynamic frequency scaling architecture, supports SHA256 algorithm, supports BTC, BCH and other cryptocurrency mining.


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Order now and enter the coupon code: OXBTC1, then you can enjoy a 15% discount or the equivalent of 0.00021764 BTC for the first order. A valid coupon date is 30 days.


OXBTC has provided reliable cloud mining services for 600,000 global customers for 5 years! And we will continue to provide the most competitive cloud mining products and better customer service in the future.

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di December 28, 2019 0

Ethereum co-founder Secretly Sold $11M Worth of ETH on Christmas Day!


$11 million dollars worth of ETH was sold through Kraken crypto exchange on Christmas day. The identity of the individual who sold the ETH coins was a mystery until the Ethereum enthusiasts check the Ethereum Name Service (ENS) database. It turns out to be Ethereum’s co-founder, Jeff Wilcke.


It would be impossible to put a name or face to the person responsible for the large Ethereum dump (90,000 ETH) if it was not for Ethereum Name Service (ENS). To show transparency, all Ethereum founders, including co-founder, Jeff Wilcke voluntarily signed up for the service.

"ENS is the Ethereum Name Service, open, distributed and expandable naming system based on the Ethereum blockchain. ENS 'job is to map human-readable names such as' Alice.eth' to machine-readable identifiers such as Ethereum addresses, content hashes, and metadata. "

The ETH transaction owner would have remained a mystery should Jeff Wilcke chose not to participate in the service a couple of years ago. Mr. Wilcke tried to secretly unload the ETH stash by doing the transaction on Christmas Day; when people from the crypto community is away from their computers and smartphones; spending and enjoying time with family members.
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di December 22, 2019 0

Ethereum to See Another Network Upgrade 'Muir Glacier' on January 1


Just after the recent Ethereum Istanbul Hard Fork, which happened at block number 9,069,000; a report today confirmed another upcoming block upgrade for the network. 

The Ethereum Foundation announced in a blog post that the network would undergo a scheduled block upgrade on Wednesday, January 1, 2020. This upcoming network upgrade is known as Muir Glacier.

The new upgrade is said to activate on the Ethereum Mainnet at block number 9,200,000 by the above-mentioned date. Meanwhile, this date, according to the report, is subject to change because of variable block times and timezones.

For Ethereum user or ether holder on exchanges, mobile or web wallet service like Coinbase, Binance, Metamask, MyEtherWallet, Ledger, etc. The report noted that they need not worry about the upcoming upgrade unless they are urged to take any action by any of these entities.

The Muir Glacier Upgrade Explained

Muir Glacier, unlike Istanbul, features only one Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP), which is EIP 2384. Istanbul, on the other hand, came with about 11 EIPs; however, six of this figure was later implemented.

While giving details on the development, the Foundation explained; Muir Glacier's EIP is meant to bring delay in difficulty bomb for another 4,000,000 blocks or approximately 611 days.

According to the report, the Core Devs, when planning for Istanbul, estimated that the bomb wouldn't be noticeable until mid-2020. However, it happened that their estimation turned out to be false.

The difficulty bomb was noticed again on October 5, at block number 8,600,000; resulting in an increase on average block time. Now, it is around 14.3 seconds since block number 8,900,000.

Notably, the development led to the need for another upgrade to bring delay in the difficult bomb.

According to the Ethereum Foundation, this same approach was initiated on Ethereum in the past, adding that:
"There was a discussion about changing or removing the difficulty bomb, but due to the short time frame a decision needed to be made to preserve short block times, the Core Devs decided to move forward with this simple change as we have done before and commit to addressing the Ice Age in a more permanent way in the future."

Does Ethereum’s Muir Glacier Upgrade Affect ETH Holders?


Ether holders that make use of exchanges, web wallet service, mobile wallet service such as Coinbase, Kraken, Binance, MyEtherWallet, Metamask, Ledger, Trezor and more, need not worry about the development unless they are informed about taking additional steps.

However, anyone running an Ethereum node would need to upgrade to the latest version before Wednesday, December 30.
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di December 01, 2019 0

Top 4 Cryptocurrency: Comparisons and Activities in the last month.


In this series of reports, we will examine 4 cryptocurrencies with the most impressive developer activity this month. For this month's report, we will look at all developer activities carried out between November 1, 2019, and December 2, 2019. The idea of this report is to show you interesting price movements and trading volumes to their ecosystem.

Comparisons made include: Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple, and Tether.



Performance in the last month.



Volume in the last month.



Rank history in the last month.



Specification in the last month.



The next predictions


This is your public predictions page. You can use it to check on your predictions (votes) accuracy, as well as to share it with others. Votes are effectively predictions regarding each coin's future performance (positive or negative). Note that every user's score starts with 0% and then gets re-adjusted based on the performance of each prediction. The total score reflects the hypothetical % in winnings, assuming a uniformly balanced portfolio.

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di September 25, 2019 0
Ethereum 2.0 (Serenity)

Ethereum 2.0 (Serenity) Phase

Introduction

Serenity upgrade from Ethereum will bring Sharding, Proof of Stake, new virtual machines (eWASM) and more. It is important to understand that this increase will not occur at one point in time - instead, it will be launched in stages. This document seeks to be a reference point for these phases and what is included.

Design Objectives

Ethereum researcher Danny Ryan has set 5 different design goals for Ethereum 2.0:
  • Decentralization: to enable ordinary consumer laptops with O (C) resources to process/validate fractional O (1) (including system-level validation such as a flare chain).
  • Resilience: to stay alive through the main network partition and when most nodes are offline.
  • Security: to utilize crypto and design techniques that allow the validator's large participation in total and per unit time.
  • Simplicity: to minimize complexity, even at the expense of some losses, inefficiencies.
  • Longevity: to select all components in such a way that both are quantum-safe or can be easily exchanged with quantum safe counterparts when available.

Phase 0 - Beacon Chain

What is included?

Phase 0 is the name given to the launch of Beacon Chain. Beacon Chain will manage the Casper Proof of Stake protocol for itself and all-glass chains. As Ben Edgington said, "There are a number of aspects to this: managing the validator and the stakes; nominating the proposed block nominator for each glass at each step; organizing validators into committees to vote on proposed blocks; applying consensus rules; applying prizes and penalties to the validator; and, it becomes the anchor point where fractions register their countries to facilitate cross-fraction transactions. "

The main source of a burden on the Beacon Chain is "endorsement". The endorsement is voted available for glass blocks and, simultaneously, stock sound proofs for flare blocks. An adequate number of endorsements for the same glass block will create a "crosslinking" that confirms the glass segment to the glass block into the Beacon Chain.

Phase 0 will use Casper the Friendly Finality Gadget (FFG) for finality. Finality, in very loose terms, means that once a certain operation has been carried out, it will forever be etched in history and no one can restore that operation.

ETH 2: New Ether

Phase 0 will introduce ETH2 which will be a new asset for the peg (validator) that will be used on the Beacon Chain. This will be made by two methods:

  • As a gift for validating the Beacon Chain (and fractions after phase 1).
  • Buy for 1 ETH by every ETH1.X user through a registration contract. The contract calls it a deposit.
There is currently no way to withdraw ETH2 from the flare chain in Phase 0. After being saved in the ETH1.x validator registration contract, ETH1 is effectively burned. Beacon Chain validators watch this contract and send deposit information to Beacon Chain, which then issues ETH2 to depositors.

Finally, Beacon Chain will produce good quality randomness (distributed, verified, unpredictable, and (sufficient) unbeatable) for the entire system. This will use RANDAO which is only a way to combine contributions (individual random numbers) provided by many participants into one output number.

This will be used to organize the validator into the proposer and the block committee.

What is the network like?

After Phase 0 is complete, there will be two Ethereum chains active. For clarity's sake, let's call it the Eth 1.0 chain (currently, the main PoW chain) and the Eth 2.0 chain (the new Beacon Chain). During this phase, users will be able to migrate their ETH from the Eth 1.0 chain to the Eth 2.0 chain and become a validator. However, they will NOT be able to migrate this ETH back. The reason someone might want to do this is that they can get the interest paid in ETH on the Eth 2.0 chain.

To run Beacon Chain, you need a Beacon Chain client. This is currently being developed separately from the standard Ethereum client familiar package (Geth, Parity, Pantheon, et al.) By a number of teams. Prysmatic and Lighthouse make regular updates about the progress of their client's development, and several teams offer prizes to contributors to include more developers in building 2.0. You can contribute to Gitcoin grants here

By itself, the Beacon Chain may not be very useful. However, as the first component of Ethereum 2.0 delivered, this is the foundation of the whole system.

Important Considerations


  • ETH2 can be transferred to and from fractions after Phase 2 is finished.
  • There will be a minimum number of ETH pegs needed to first bootstrap the flare chain. This is defined as CHAIN_START_FULL_DEPOSIT_THRESHOLD in the deposit contract that will live on the Eth 1.0 chain. At present, this is set to 16384 validators needed. That means it takes 524,288 ETH total shares. This will pay an interest of ~ 11% for the bet maker.
  • To become a validator, you must bet 32 ​​ETH2.
  • During Phase 0, all user transactions and smart contract calculations will still occur in the Eth 1.0 chain.

Phase 1 - Shard Chain

What is included?

Shard chains are the key to scalability in the future because they allow parallel transaction throughput.

Phase 1 mainly deals with the construction, validity, and consensus on this shard chain data. Phase 1 does not determine the execution of the shard chain status or account balance. This would be like an experiment for fractional structures rather than an attempt to use fractions to scale. Beacon Chain will treat the glass chain block as a collection of simple bits without structure or meaning.

Crosslink

Periodically, the current conditions ("combined root data") of each glass are recorded in the Beacon Chain block as a cross-link. When the Beacon Chain block is complete, the corresponding shard block is considered complete, and the other shards know that they can count on it for cross-shard transactions.

A cross-link is a series of signatures from a committee that proves a block in the shard chain, which can be entered into the Beacon Chain. Cross-links are the main means by which the Beacon Chain "learns about" the state of the renewed glass chain. Crosslinks also function as infrastructure for asynchronous cross-synchronous communication.

The Shard validator, randomly selected by the Beacon Chain for each fraction in each slot, only reaches agreement on the content of each block. They prove shard content and declare it through cross-links. It doesn't matter what information appears on the glass block, as long as all committees reach consensus and update the Beacon Chain on the glass regularly.

What is the network like?

The Eth 1.0 and 2.0 chains will continue to operate in parallel after Phase 1.

Important Considerations


  • In Phases 0, 1, and 2 the main PoW chain (Eth 1.0) will remain alive when testing and transition occur on the Eth 2.0 chain. This means that prizes will be paid to the Ethereum 2.0 validator as well as normal PoW block prizes. Therefore, the combined inflation of the 2 chains can surge initially but then begins to trend towards the 0-1% range because the PoW chain is gradually stressed.

Phase 2 - Country Execution

What is included?

Phase 2 is where functionality will begin to coalesce. The glass chain transition from a simple data container to the state of the structured chain and the Smart Contract will be reintroduced. Each fraction will manage a virtual machine based on eWASM. This will support the accounts, contracts, status, and other abstractions that we know from solidity. We can expect familiar tools such as truffle, sold, ganache to be ported to support eWASM before or during phase 2.

Leasing the State is also a very possible inclusion for Phase 2 and it poses a challenge for developers. Rather than being able to store codes and data indefinitely, state leases will require contract developers and users to pay for eWASM storage over time. This ensures that unused information leaves the country over time.

At present, not much information is available about this phase and whatever is available will almost certainly change over time.

Important Considerations

A dApp must select the desired fraction. The decision was important because "Cross-shard communication will definitely be slow at the base layer, but there is a higher-level mechanism that can be used to implement fast cross-shard communication above the base layer which enables cross-shard communication at all even if slow," according to Vitalik Buterin.
A dApp must be really large to consume all resources in a certain glass to justify its spread across many sources.
This phase will provide fractions with eWASM as EVM 2.0.
This is an open question when and how Ethereum 1.0 accounts and contracts will be migrated to Ethereum 2.0, there are several upgrade plans


What's next?

The sharding road map according to the official wiki suggests 6 phases. Justin Drake strongly believes that fractional phases 1 and 2 will come in 2020 and 2021, respectively (assuming that the Beacon Chain was launched in 2019).
From Phase 3 onwards, whatever speculation is made can change, you can visit the wiki to get information on the next phase.

Resources: https://docs.ethhub.io/ethereum-roadmap/ethereum-2.0/eth-2.0-phases/
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di September 24, 2019 0
https://www.coincryptoasia.com/2019/09/comprehending-ethereum-great-idea.html
Engineering drawings Ethereum - coincryptoasia.com

What Is Ether?

Summary

Ether (ETH or Ξ) is the original cryptocurrency used on the Ethereum network and is used to compensate miners who secure transactions. A planned increase to the Ethereum protocol in 2019-2021 will replace mining with a computational cheaper Proof of Ownership mechanism that will be secured by the validator, who is also expected to receive proportional compensation in Ether. Ether also has many current use cases, such as store of value (eg in loan collateral), medium of exchange (eg in trade and payments), and account units (eg in digital markets).

Ether Usage Case

Network Usage
Ether is required to transact on the Ethereum Blockchain network.

As explained in the gas section, each transaction that occurs on the network requires a specified amount of gas, which is the unit used to measure the computational power needed to process the transaction. To process the transaction and put it in a block, the miners are expected to be compensated for this task. This is achieved by setting the price of gas with each transaction, which is the cost of 1 unit of gas, denominated in Gwei (1 ETH = 1,000,000,000 Gwei).

For example, when you simply send ETH from one account to another, this costs 21,000 gasoline. If you set the price of 1 Gwei gas, this transaction will cost 0.00000021 ETH.

Saving Value

Ether, the original currency of the Ethereum network, derives its value from various factors. This is used in the Ethereum network to perform various functions, including:

Payment of Ethereum transaction fees is available as 'Gas', used as collateral for various open financial applications (MakerDAO, Compound), can be lent or borrowed (Dharma), received as payment by retailers and certain services providers use it as a medium of exchange for buy Ethereum-based tokens (via ICOs or exchanges), crypto-collectibles, in-game items, and other non-equivalent tokens (NFT) that are obtained as prizes for completing prizes (Gitcoin, Network Bounties). In the future, in Ethereum 2.0 / Serenity, users will be able to become validators and can help secure networks by providing computing resources and locking 32 Ether per validator. Because of this, it is hoped that Stake Evidence will lock in a large amount of Ether supply in circulation. There was also discussion around introducing a 'fuel-cost' model in which the percentage of Ether used to pay transaction costs would 'burn' and thus reduce Ether's circulating supply.

Behind the utility value, Ether also has a speculative value. This is the value derived from speculative activities (such as trade and investment) which currently accounts for most of the value behind all crypto assets. As observed in 2017, crypto assets can attract huge speculative interest, with some assets increasing in value 1000x in just a few months. This speculative interest often brings new capital into the ecosystem which can be reinvested into various verticals, but can damage the short-term market sentiment of all crypto assets.

Can't the token on Ethereum be used instead of Ether?

Theoretically, yes. Practically, no. The concept of using another digital asset to secure the Ethereum network is called 'economic abstraction' (a good primer can be found here. This will involve miners/validators who receive tokens other than Ether in exchange for adding valid transactions to new blocks.

It is very unlikely that the Ethereum protocol will implement economic abstraction because it has the potential to reduce blockchain security by compromising Ether value.

How can a valuable Ether help secure a network?

In the Proof of Work system, miners compete with each other to find blocks and are therefore rewarded for their work (in the form of the protocol's original crypto assets). When asset prices increase, naturally it brings in more miners, which then increases the difficulty of the network. As network difficulties increase, it becomes increasingly difficult for miners to find blocks that produce large-scale mining operations (usually called "mining agriculture") to be one of the only profitable ways to mine on a Proof of Work network (once reaching a certain size). Miners can also join the 'mining pool' to increase their chances of finding blocks and thereby increase their rewards.

At present it will cost individuals or groups large amounts of money to successfully attack or control the Bitcoin or Ethereum PoW blockchain

When Ethereum transitions to Proof of ownership under Ethereum 2.0, it is hoped that users will be able to bet 32   Ether per validator and receive prizes for their work in additional Etheric forms (at a dynamic publishing level, discussed later in this essay).

Under Proof of Stake, the cost to attack Ethereum will be linked to Ether cost. Instead of using energy-intensive mining (as in Proof of Work), validators will "risk" Ether, and will lose some or all of their shares if they attempt to behave fraudulently. The more validators with Ether secure the network, the more Ether an attacker needs to buy to carry out attacks. Such an attack is likely to quickly increase Ether's price and hence make it more expensive for the attacker.

Payment tool

For something to function as money in an economy, it needs to act as a good medium of exchange (MoE), account unit (UoA) and store of value (SoV). Ether is used as a medium of exchange in the Ethereum economy for various applications, with dApp providers accepting it in return for equivalent / not-narrow tokens, or other services. It is also used as an account unit by various parties (including companies that have raised Ether through ICO). Finally, Ether has historically been used as a store of value, with investors and speculators buying Ether for investment purposes, given its relative scarcity, predictable supply growth, and default utility.

An object (physical or digital) usually has to display five different attributes in order to be considered money: portability, durability, shareability, functionality and established history (see Lindy effect). Ether is very portable (because it's digital), durable (again, because it's digital), can be shared (up to 18 decimal places), but has limited equivalence because ETH tokens can be exchanged with each other, but accounts / addresses can be entered in a list black easily. Privacy protocols such as zk-SNARK will eventually increase this property for Ethereum.

Ethereum has been operating since 2015 and continues to build a strong history. The Ethereum (and Ether) network has been functioning as expected for 99.99% of its life. Other 0.01% included the survival of DAO, several large smart contract hacks, various protocol-level exploits, Shanghai DoS attacks, constant negative comments from the wider crypto community and bear markets (including a recent 94% price reduction).

In addition, Ether has additional properties such as sensor resistance, without permission, pseudonym, and can be operated with other crypto networks.

The crypto asset supply scheme is being hotly debated among various parties (especially those in the Bitcoin community) and currently there are two main approaches: limited supply (such as Bitcoin) or low publishing rates, predictable and difficult to change (like what planned for Ethereum 2.0).

In Ethereum 2.0 (with Sharding and Proof of Stake implemented), while a low inflation rate will always guarantee validators are valued to secure the network, it suffers from the fact that it can weaken Ether values   for those who are not validators. In fact, this was offset by Ether being released from supply that circulated through its influence, various open financial applications, cost cutting, and people lost access to their Ether.

Resources: ethereum.org

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di September 03, 2019 0
Ethereum

Ethereum Fundamentals Still Solid Despite Price Collapse, Could Surge Soon


The world’s second-largest crypto asset has taken a beating recently. Not only has Ethereum price collapsed below $200 but it is constantly hounded by the majority of the crypto community which remains blinded by the performance of its big brother.

Ethereum Remains Asleep

In terms of price action, there are not many positive things to say about ETH at the moment. A steep downtrend lasting over two months has resulted in the formation of a ‘death cross’ on the daily chart indicating more pain to come. This week the 50-day moving average will fall below the 200 day which is an ominous sign for Ethereum market trends.

Ethereum-Chart
Bitcoin’s return to five figures has lifted ETH marginally but the meager 3 percent did not even result in the reclamation of $180. At the time of writing Ethereum is consolidating at around $178 according to Tradingview.com. The asset has plunged 50 percent since its 2019 high of $360 and is still 87 percent down from its all-time high as gains continue to get eroded.

This lack of buying momentum has caused the crypto community to continue to bash Ethereum but the truth is all digital assets aside from BTC are on the floor. Even this year’s two darlings, Litecoin and Binance Coin, are floundering now.

Solid Fundamentals

The Ethereum network and developer team are still solid though and, as pointed out by a couple of industry observers that went against the grain of lambasting the project, it still has the most developers.
“Keep an eye on Ethereum over the next few years! Out of every cryptocurrency that exists, Ethereum has the most developers! This means the possibilities for further growth are endless as their code is constantly being improved!” tweet- @CryptoWelson
The sentiment was echoed by Weiss Ratings which compared Ethereum to rival smart contract and dApp platforms which are also bleeding out in terms of token price.
“Ethereum has 1000s of devs around the world working on dApps and other solutions on top of its blockchain.” tweet- @WessCrypto
This robust team of developers is constantly striving to improve the network in terms of performance and security. It is true that there have been delays in the Ethereum roadmap and progress has been slow but the same can be said for rival platforms such as EOS and Cardano.

The scheduled Istanbul hard fork will bring in a number of improvements and is the first stage of the wider Serenity update which will dramatically change Ethereum protocols and performance. When these upgrades are finally rolled out, Ethereum will be another step towards its purpose as a decentralized global computer. This is likely to be the catalyst that will send prices back to previous levels and make Ether shine once again.

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di August 30, 2019 0
https://coincryptoasia.blogspot.com/2019/08/history-of-ethereum-and-its-journey.html
Ethereum
Ethereum (ETH)

Ethereum (ETH) is a chain-block platform with intelligent contract functions. Ethereum has functions like a virtual machine that can execute smart peer-to-peer contracts with Ether cryptographic money (ETH).

Ethereum is a major project that was started by Vitalik Buterin in 2013. The first block of Ethereum was found on 30 July 2015.

Ether

Ether is the Ethereum platform's currency sign unit. Ether is traded on the cryptocurrency exchange like another cryptocurrency. As a common currency Ether can have exchange rates that can be traded with other cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, Ripple, Dash, and so on [4]. Ether is used to pay for Ethereum network computing. Like Bitcoin, Ethereum uses the idea of the Ethash proof-of-work chaining algorithm.
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di August 28, 2019 0
https://coincryptoasia.blogspot.com/2019/08/ethereum-eth-trending-posts.html
Ethereum (ETH)
Ethereum may be a decentralized  OS. The platform introduced, in observe, the idea of "decentralized applications". Its founder, Vitalik Buterin, has been engaged within the development of blockchain and Bitcoin since its origination. Today, many cryptocurrencies are issued in ICO's victimization Ethereum. These tokens ar is known as ERC-20, and that they are the muse for running scripts within the Ethereum Virtual Machine. Through the event of "smart contracts", Ethereum created it doable to sign tokens that have a particular perform besides being a medium of exchange and broadened the capabilities of blockchain "transactions".

Its key cryptocurrency is that the Ether, which is sometimes used for payments in sensible contracts or dApps. additionally, Ethereum is additionally fueled with GAS, a cryptocurrency-related to operations that need some quite computation from its nodes. The GAS value is proportional to the sort of the procedure power needed to execute a task. Therefore, a fee in GAS is enclosed to procure the nodes running or authenticating a dealing.

Originally, Ethereum used proof-of-work to succeed in accord. The metropolis protocol, however, step by step shifted Ethereum accord from prisoner of war to a custom proof-of-stake protocol.

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